ударные инструменты, выполненные из меди или полированной латуни, поверх которых натягивается кожа.
Тимпаны из архикамня и СФБ
В Грецию инструмент попал и к V веку до новой эры распространился по всей её территории вместе с оргиастическими культами Диониса и Кибелы из Фракии и Фригии ; греческое слово, обозначающее барабанный бой, также обозначает служение Кибеле. Многочисленны упоминания тимпана в античной литературе например, в трагедии Еврипида «Вакханки» [2] , в «Пире мудрецов» Афинея и его изображения в античной вазописи наиболее часто — в руках менад и корибантов. В Древнем Риме название «тимпан» одно- или двусторонний барабан. Наряду с культами по греческому образцу Вакха и Кибелы тимпан использовался уличными музыкантами см.
Ada MaskilSamplist 26 November 2021 Just right for background rolls and hits I tried the timpani in BBCSO Discover and found them too thin and baked in reverb for my purpose, so my next stop was this pack. The rolls are consistent, and by adjusting the dynamics knob, you can create dynamic crescendos and decrescendos, as opposed to simply using the volume knob. There is enough dynamic layers for basic parts, especially deep in a mix. The reverb is a little small for my liking.
Overall, very useful! Gavino Lucero 02 October 2023 Awesome wet timpani This bundle will give you two patches, hits and rolls. They both sound very nice and they play well too. The tail cut is ever so slightly sudden, but with some additional reverb does the trick.
There is enough dynamic layers for basic parts, especially deep in a mix. The reverb is a little small for my liking. Overall, very useful! Gavino Lucero 02 October 2023 Awesome wet timpani This bundle will give you two patches, hits and rolls.
They both sound very nice and they play well too. The tail cut is ever so slightly sudden, but with some additional reverb does the trick. The rolls sound super nice and realistic, and with the attack knob you can make them like swells too, nice! You win some, you lose some I guess.
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Древние музыкальные инструменты войны
История Литавры — инструмент очень древнего происхождения. В Европе литавры, близкие по своей форме к современным, но с постоянным строем, стали известны уже в XV веке. С XVII века литавры входят в состав оркестров. Впоследствии появился механизм натяжных винтов, давший возможность перестройки литавр.
Notwithstanding, the drum can be set in reverse order to have the highest-pitched on the right and lowest-pitched on the left. This is the traditional method of French, British, and American timpanists. Mallet for playing the drum Mallet is a special beater used for playing timpani.
It has a soft head attached to a slim shaft and is also known as the timpani stick. The mallet shaft is made of hardwood, bamboo, synthetic material like carbon fiber or fiberglass, sometimes aluminum. A rounded head of the mallet is normally covered in felt. Notwithstanding, other materials like leather, cork, and compressed felt are sometimes used. And it comes in two basic types which are the cartwheel mallet and the ball stick mallet. For instance, the mallet covered with harder felt produced sound quality that is totally different when soft felt is used.
This is one of the reasons timpanists change the mallet during the performance to match the style in the piece of the music. Grips in playing the drums Timpani French Grrip The grips are the way mallets used to play the instrument are held. This aspect of playing the drum influenced the lift and other aspects of paying. Typically, German and French grips are the most common grips used to lay the instrument. The third and not common grip is the American grip which is the hybrid of both German and French grips. The German grip is very similar to the matched grip used in snare drum playing.
This grip seems to be heavy and booming because of the physical inclination to play a down stroke from that mallet position. And with the French grip, your palms face each other while your fingers basically move the mallet shaft. Also, the thumb will face up with this grip. The French grip can serve as a possible choice to the German grip in order to produce a lighter sound. It has a very different way of using a wrist when compared to the German grip. Photo by: Tracy Martin This method of producing musical sound from the instrument is very easy.
However, it takes good technique to produce a quality sound which is very essential in playing the instrument. For instance, the ability to strike the right playing spot on the timpani is very important. Another method used to produce quality sound on timpani is proper stroke. This is also part of striking the drum but with a tossing motion and a natural bounce back. The method is actually a key concept to achieve a quality note. The best notes are produced on well-tuned timpani by combining the proper stroke with a correct striking point on the drum-head.
A good stroke is essential for proper articulation of the notes. Because a good stroke will draw the sound from the drum-head for proper articulation. The two techniques can be achieved by either German grip also known as a matched grip or French grip. Besides the right beating spot and stroking the other techniques used to produce quality sound in timpani are tuning and muffling. Striking The Drum Good sound quality can be achieved in timpani by striking the correct spot on the drum. This is paramount because the place at which the mallet strikes the drumhead has an effect on the quality of sound played.
When the instrument is correctly struck at the right spot, it produces a well resonated and round sound peculiar to the drum. Moreover, applying a proper stroke with a good tossing motion and a natural rebound is the key concept to achieve a quality tone. On the other hand, playing towards the edge of the drum will affect the quality of the tone. This is possible without tuning the instrument or switching the mallets. Also, striking the drum at a spot closer to the center lessens the drum sound sustainability. The trill is performed with the mallet a few distances apart in order to create a more sustained sound.
And at the same time varying the speed of the stroke on the instrument. The speed of the trill stroke is influenced by the pitch of the drum pitch. The higher-pitched drum receives a quicker stroke compared to the lower-pitched drum. And to achieve a better staccato sound, players strike the drum closer to the center of the drum. They also adjust the speed of the stroke to achieve a more staccato sound. Tuning The Sound The timpanist is required to tune the drum before the performance.
This aspect of timpani is very important because the instrument can only be used for performance when it is well-tuned. Therefore, to play timpani, you must be able to tune the instrument.
In keeping with this image, kettledrums came to symbolize the power of monarchs and princes. In 1542, for instance, Henry VIII ordered the purchase of Viennese kettledrums for his court, which were to be played on horseback.
Kettledrummers and trumpeters formed their own guilds which enjoyed royal privileges. The kettledrummers, who were obliged to perform other tasks for the prince beside the playing of music and were directly subject to his jurisdiction, were jealous guardians of the secrets of their playing and improvisation techniques, the so-called Schlagmanieren, details of which they passed on only to their successors within the guild. Kettledrummers were equal in rank to officers and were dressed in the same way as knights. For many years the granting to a town of the right to keep city trumpeters and kettledrummers was regarded as a privilege.
During the course of the 16th century kettledrums were not only played at festivities but began to be used in church music in company with the organ and choirs, especially for trumpet and kettledrum flourishes as a ceremonial glorification in masses. In addition, kettledrums and trumpets appeared more and more frequently as consorts in ballet and stage music intermedia or interludes , in which they symbolized warlike moods and aristocratic power in keeping with their character. Ensembles consisting of kettledrums and trumpets only remained in existence into the Baroque period. It was not until later, when the power of the guilds was slowly waning, that the kettledrum was accepted as a fully-fledged member of the orchestra.
The guilds disbanded between 1810 and 1831. Up to that point it had been customary to play many extra notes embellishments that were not actually in the score; these embellishments were part of the Schlagmanieren. The vellum was stretched over an iron hoop with eyes; the shell was also equipped with eyes. The corresponding eyes of the hoop and the shell were screwed together with about ten iron screws which altered the skin tension and therefore also the pitch.
This tuning mechanism remained widespread into the 19th century. The problem with this method was twofold: on the one hand it was difficult to place the tension evenly on all parts of the vellum, which is vital for the production of a pure tone. On the other hand it took a long time to retune hand-tuned kettledrums. The advantage of the hand-tuned kettledrum was its lightness, which made it easier to transport.
In about 1812 the Munich court timpanist Gerhard Kramer designed a mechanism that attached all the screws to a master screw so that the skin tension could be altered by means of a single handle or pedal. The machine drum, which made rapid tuning possible, had arrived. Rotary-tuned machine timpani were also developed which were retuned by giving the bowl a turn. The disadvantage of this method was that the spot on the vellum which must be struck to achieve the best sound beating spot changed its position.
The pedal drum was invented in the 1870s by C. Pittrich in Dresden and is now the standard orchestral kettledrum. By operating a pedal, energy is transferred along drawbars, which run up the shell either on the inside or the outside, to the hoop over which the vellum is stretched and alter its tension.
Instruments Timpani The timpani provide the underlying heartbeat of the orchestra, and conductors tend to remain in near constant eye contact with the timpanist. Endowment opportunities at the Philharmonia offer supporters unique access and insights to our players. Find out more here: Find out more About These pairs of kettledrums feature foot pedals for changing pitch, a copper shell with fiberglass a contemporary option and a calfskin drumhead.
Things You Need To Know About The Timpani Drum
Уолтер Лайт педаль и цепочка литавры, установленные в три различных комбинации. Литавры бывают разных размеров от примерно 33 дюймов 84 см в диаметре до литавр-пикколи 12 дюймов 30 см или меньше. Каждый барабан обычно имеет диапазон квинта или полутонов. Машинные литавры Изменение высоты тона литавры поворота каждого натяжения штанга по отдельности - трудоемкий процесс. В конце 19 века были разработаны механические системы, позволяющие сразу напряжение всей головы.
Используется эта ручка, соединенная с настраивающим механизмом паучьего типа. Педальные литавры Безусловно, наиболее распространенным типом литавра, используемым сегодня, являются педальные литавры, которые позволяют регулировать натяжение головы с помощью педального механизма. Обычно педаль соединяется с натяжными винтами посредством сборки из литого металла или металлического стержней, называемых крестовиной. Педаль тимпано Дрезден - сцепление см.
Здесь должно быть отключено, чтобы слева изменить высоту звука барабана. Внутренняя, нижняя часть тимпано Yamaha, демонстрирующая механическую систему регулировки натяжения В настоящее время широко используются три типа педальных механизмов: В системе с храповым механизмом храповой механизм и защелка для удержания педали на месте. Литавр должен сначала выключить сцепление, прежде чем использовать педаль для настройки барабана. Когда желаемый шаг будет достигнут, литавр должен включить сцепление.
Используется только в фиксированном наборе положений, литавр должен настроить точно барабан с помощью ручки точной настройки. В системе сбалансированного действия - пружина или гидроцилиндр используется для уравновешивания натяжения, чтобы педаль оставалась на месте, а голова оставалась на высоте. Педаль на барабане уравновешенного действия иногда называют плавающей педалью, поскольку нет сцепления, удерживающего ее на месте. Фрикционная муфта или система стойки и сцепления использует муфту, которая перемещается вдоль стойки.
Отключение сцепления освобождает его от стойки, позволяя педали двигаться без ограничений. Литавры профессионального уровня используют либо храповик, либо систему трения и имеют медные чаши. Эти барабаны могут иметь педали из двух типов. Педаль в берлинском стиле прикрепляется длинной рукой к противоположной стороне литавр, и литавр должен использовать всю ногу для регулировки высоты звука.
В дополнение к педали, инструменты высокого класса имеют ручную настройку тонкой настройки, которая позволяет литавристу выполнять точную настройку высоты звука. Педаль находится либо с левой, либо с правой стороны барабана в зависимости от направления установки. Большинство школьных оркестров и оркестров ниже университетского используют менее дорогие, более прочные литавры с медными, стекловолоконными или алюминиевыми чашами. Механические части этих инструментов почти полностью находятся внутри корпуса и чаши.
Они могут использовать любую из педальных механизмов, хотя система сбалансированного действия является наиболее распространенной, за ней следует система фрикционной муфты.
Все это имеет контракт с оркестром и в зависимости от размера группы, они могут быть наемными позициями. Кто является самым высокооплачиваемым дирижером в мире? Лос -Анджелес Филармония: 2 857 103 долл. США — чувак. Симфония Сан -Франциско: 2 139 720 долл.
США — Mtt. Бостонская симфония: 1 787 000 долл. США — Нельсонс. Филадельфийский оркестр: 1 672 167 долл. США — Янник. Кливлендский оркестр: 1 485 371 долл.
Что уникально в Timpani? Они являются одними из самых больших, самых тяжелых, самых сложных музыкальных инструментов на планете. У них есть место как в классических оркестрах, так и в ансамблях рок -н -роллов. Они универсальны, и их звук энергичен, повторяя почти гром.
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Музыкальное устройство следовало удерживать перед грудью или головой и выбивать дробь, одной рукой держась за раму.
Затем в 13-14 веках упоминается в музыкальных трактатах Иеронимом Моравским и Й. Ознакомиться со звучанием тимпана можно по видео, где исполнитель играет на современном варианте инструмента: Сфера использования Издревле инструмент находил применение в театральных выступлениях и уличных шествиях. Но больше в научных источниках рассказывается о религиозных обычаях и священных ритуалах, где буйные удары завораживали своими таинственными действиями.
В начале 16 века тимпан стал использоваться военными, как походный музыкальный инструмент, и до сегодняшних времен получил название литавр. В новом мире Тимпан возымел известность во многих странах мира, особенно, на Кубе, где представлен в виде двух небольших барабанов в металлической оправе.
What is a Tunable instrument?
Тимпан (инструмент) — статья из свободной большой энциклопедии. ударные инструменты, выполненные из меди или полированной латуни, поверх которых натягивается кожа. Найджел Томас из Лондонского симфонического оркестра демонстрирует возможности литавр. Today we can offer you timpani that have not only achieved the legendary ideal, but even surpass it in some important details. Whether you’re a music educator, band or orchestral student, conductor or composer, timpani has been one of the most mystical percussion instruments ever. Подпишитесь на Ежедневную сводку, дайджест основных научно-технических новостей Silicon Republic.
7 Best Timpani VST Libraries EVER!
| College of Arts and Sciences | The Timpani, also known as Kettle Drums, are a set of 3-5 large, bowl-shaped drums tuned to pitches that create a strong, resonant sound. |
| Художники представили мозаичные тимпаны для Главного храма ВС РФ | The Berlin Classic Timpani are made by leading German timpani manufacturer, Wolfgang Hardtke, in his Berliner Paukenwerkstatt in Berlin. |
| Тимпан (инструмент) | Percussion instruments. Timpani. |
Timpani: изображения без лицензионных платежей
В 1188 году Камбро-норманн летописец Джеральд Уэльский писал: «Ирландия пользуется и восхищается только двумя инструментами, а именно арфой и тимпаном». Timpani are incredibly fun and versatile percussion instruments that require lots of practice and patience to play. Universal Adams Universal Series Timpani were designed to meet the demand for an extremely high quality, yet highly portable instrument, priced well within. С XVI века распространяется новое название тимпана — «литавры», а сам он превращается в инструмент военных оркестров. ТИМПАН найдено 6 значений слова ТИМПАН, -а, м. Древний ударный музыкальный инструмент, род тарелок,литавр. Тимпан – напоминал барабан с широким ободом, на который с двух сторон натягивалась кожа (на тамбурин кожа натягивалась только с одной стороны).
College of Arts and Sciences
To increase the tension of the drum-head, just press the pedal down. This movement will pull the counter hoop down and the tension on the drum-head will increase as well as the pitch of the drum. Release the pedal to lower the tension on the drum-head as well as the pitch of the drum. However, the player or the timpanist basically plays the instrument by striking the drum head with a mallet. To play the instrument, the drums should be arranged properly in order to form the timpani console. This is done by arranging the drums in an arc form around the timpanist. The drum can be set up serially with the highest-pitched drum on the left and the lowest-pitched drum on the right. This method is commonly used by Greek, Austrian, and German timpanists. Notwithstanding, the drum can be set in reverse order to have the highest-pitched on the right and lowest-pitched on the left. This is the traditional method of French, British, and American timpanists. Mallet for playing the drum Mallet is a special beater used for playing timpani.
It has a soft head attached to a slim shaft and is also known as the timpani stick. The mallet shaft is made of hardwood, bamboo, synthetic material like carbon fiber or fiberglass, sometimes aluminum. A rounded head of the mallet is normally covered in felt. Notwithstanding, other materials like leather, cork, and compressed felt are sometimes used. And it comes in two basic types which are the cartwheel mallet and the ball stick mallet. For instance, the mallet covered with harder felt produced sound quality that is totally different when soft felt is used. This is one of the reasons timpanists change the mallet during the performance to match the style in the piece of the music. Grips in playing the drums Timpani French Grrip The grips are the way mallets used to play the instrument are held. This aspect of playing the drum influenced the lift and other aspects of paying. Typically, German and French grips are the most common grips used to lay the instrument.
The third and not common grip is the American grip which is the hybrid of both German and French grips. The German grip is very similar to the matched grip used in snare drum playing. This grip seems to be heavy and booming because of the physical inclination to play a down stroke from that mallet position. And with the French grip, your palms face each other while your fingers basically move the mallet shaft. Also, the thumb will face up with this grip. The French grip can serve as a possible choice to the German grip in order to produce a lighter sound. It has a very different way of using a wrist when compared to the German grip. Photo by: Tracy Martin This method of producing musical sound from the instrument is very easy. However, it takes good technique to produce a quality sound which is very essential in playing the instrument. For instance, the ability to strike the right playing spot on the timpani is very important.
Another method used to produce quality sound on timpani is proper stroke. This is also part of striking the drum but with a tossing motion and a natural bounce back. The method is actually a key concept to achieve a quality note. The best notes are produced on well-tuned timpani by combining the proper stroke with a correct striking point on the drum-head. A good stroke is essential for proper articulation of the notes. Because a good stroke will draw the sound from the drum-head for proper articulation. The two techniques can be achieved by either German grip also known as a matched grip or French grip. Besides the right beating spot and stroking the other techniques used to produce quality sound in timpani are tuning and muffling. Striking The Drum Good sound quality can be achieved in timpani by striking the correct spot on the drum. This is paramount because the place at which the mallet strikes the drumhead has an effect on the quality of sound played.
When the instrument is correctly struck at the right spot, it produces a well resonated and round sound peculiar to the drum. Moreover, applying a proper stroke with a good tossing motion and a natural rebound is the key concept to achieve a quality tone. On the other hand, playing towards the edge of the drum will affect the quality of the tone. This is possible without tuning the instrument or switching the mallets. Also, striking the drum at a spot closer to the center lessens the drum sound sustainability. The trill is performed with the mallet a few distances apart in order to create a more sustained sound.
Доктор Брэдмор выпущенный предварительно из тюрьмы самостоятельно смастерил инструмент для извлечения наконечника стрелы. В итоге Брэдмор получил всеобщее признание и 10 фунтов пенсии ежегодно, выплачиваемые лично пациентом.
Library Content Standard Library: Samples 1. After the login you can check in the shopping cart if you are entitled for a VSL User-Discount and apply it. Please note that all discounted user-specific orders must be processed manually by our sales team and therefore may take up to one business day to be completed. Your purchase of any VSL library entitles you to download the free Vienna Instruments Pro player software that includes the Vienna Ensemble mixing host.
Начал карьеру как правовед и стал государственным адвокатом под патронажем Плавтиана. После падения Плавтиана его спас Л. Фабий Цилон, и после нескольких всаднических назначений он стал прокуратором, заведующим res privata частным имуществом императора. Его назначение префектом претория произошло не ранее 212г. Дион сообщает, что он имел несколько коротких прокураторских назначений при Каракалле — см. Вообще, и Дион Кассий, и Юлий Капитолин относятся к нему весьма отрицательно, что, по-видимому, отражает сенаторское предубеждение против всаднического императора. С этим, очевидно, связано появление столь большого количества версий его происхождения и карьеры, носящих весьма оскорбительный характер; ходили слухи, что он вольноотпущенник, человек из дома терпимости, исполнял рабские обязанности в императорском доме, вел при Коммоде грязную жизнь, был отстранен Севером даже от самых жалких должностей, занялся чтением, вел мелкие судебные дела, выступал с речами, преподавал в школе, а, получив золотое кольцо т.
Innovative Percussion Timpani Mallets BT-2
Тимпан Тимпан относится к ударным древним музыкальным инструментам и по своему внешнему виду напоминает бубен с колокольчиками (тамбурин). English: Timpani are a type of drum, musical instruments in the percussion family. Тимпан Тимпан относится к ударным древним музыкальным инструментам и по своему внешнему виду напоминает бубен с колокольчиками (тамбурин).
The Evolution of percussion instruments is timeless...
Это были котлы из меди, обтянутые кожей. Они выдавались начальникам малых отрядов. Накры привязывались к седлу таким образом, чтобы в них было удобно бить рукояткой плетки. Цимбалы Цимбалы — это струнный ударный инструмент, состоящий из трапециевидной деки с натянутыми струнами. Играли на нем, ударяя по струнам палочками или специальными колотушками. Прототипы цимбал это еще более древние музыкальные инструменты, которые появились около шести тысяч лет назад. Учёный Пифагор 571-497 годы до н. Во времена развитого Средневековья цимбалы очень уважали дворяне, это был очень модный инструмент среди дам высшего сословия. Существовали одно- и двухсторонние тимпаны — разницу между ними описывал Исидор Севильский в своей «Этимологии». С XVI века в обиход входит другое наименование тимпана — «литавры», и тогда этот древний музыкальный инструмент становится неотъемлемой частью военных оркестров.
В таком контексте о нем говорится уже в 1511 году , а затем не раз упоминается в сочинениях XVII века , например, в «Устройстве музыки» Преториуса, где приводится описание множества типов литавр. Тулумбасы Тулумбас туркм. На нем играли туркмены, турки, иранцы, русские, украинцы.
Timpani in European Military Court Festivities By the 16th century, the kettledrum, also known as timpani, had been popular in European military regiments and in court festivities and dances. In truth, the kettledrum with the trumpets simply added much colour to the different ceremonials that have to do with the monarchy. Subsequently, the drums found their way to the orchestra together with oboe, horn, and trumpet.
By this time, they have developed to become a more robust instrument that need not be mounted on the horseback again. Moreover, by the following half of the 18th century, the timpani has been in a firm position as part of the orchestra instruments. As a matter of fact, timpani continued to be part of the orchestra instruments till today. Consequently, in every Western orchestra, the European timpani is always there. Construction of The Timpani Drum There are different ways of constructing timpani but the mode of their sound production is the same. However, the mode of their sound production remains the same.
Timpani is known as a drum that produces pitched sounds. The mode of its construction is not like a normal drum. It is known that most drums have top and bottom skin for the vibration. Or sometimes a hollow body with an open bottom and covered head. The timpani is designed and constructed to produce vibrations at integral heterogeneous frequencies. This mode of vibrations projects a pitched sound from the timpani.
This is achieved by covering a large copper bowl with a unique bottom shape with a stretched skin. For instance, it comes in a parabolic shape when a darker tone is required. On the other hand, it can be hemispheric when a brighter tone is desired. The Timpani Drum Bowl Specifically, copper is used for the timpani bowl because it is efficient in regulating its external and internal temperature. Other materials like aluminum and fiberglass are used to produce the instrument bowl. But they are not efficient in their internal and external temperature regulation as copper.
The Timpani Drum Head The stretched skin is known as the drum-head or timpani head. The drum-heads are made traditionally from animal hide. Typically, goatskin or calfskin are used for the timpani head. However, modern timpani heads are made from different synthetic materials. Depending on how the timpani is used, it is necessary to change the head every one to two years. The flesh hoop is then attached to the bowl head by a counter hoop.
The counter hoop is used to hold the flesh hoop firm on the bowl or kettle with the help of tension rods. The tension rods are several tuning screws at a regular interval around the upper part of the drum bowl. According to the size of the timpani, the tension rods can be six or up to eight in number. The tension on the stretched skin is adjusted by adjusting the tension rods. The rod is tightening to increase the tension and loosening to decrease the tension. The Pedal The construction of standard timpani made use of the pedal mechanism.
The pedal is the mechanical part of the timpani and is very unique. The pedal is used to change the tension of the skin or drum-head with a leg. Normally, the construction of the pedal in standard timpani made use of the spider. The spider is an assembly of metal rods that connect the pedal to the tension rods. The diagram above shows the spider inside the bottom of the Yamaha pedal timpani. The pedal made it very easy to adjust the tension of the counter hoop attached to the drum-head.
By moving the pedal with your foot, the tension on the drum-head changes as well as the pitch of the drum. To increase the tension of the drum-head, just press the pedal down. This movement will pull the counter hoop down and the tension on the drum-head will increase as well as the pitch of the drum. Release the pedal to lower the tension on the drum-head as well as the pitch of the drum. However, the player or the timpanist basically plays the instrument by striking the drum head with a mallet. To play the instrument, the drums should be arranged properly in order to form the timpani console.
This is done by arranging the drums in an arc form around the timpanist. The drum can be set up serially with the highest-pitched drum on the left and the lowest-pitched drum on the right.
Прибор получился прочным, достаточно мощным — 6171 люкс при температуре 5600К. Также может работать от одной батареи см. Каждый прибор Timpani поставляется со своими результатами фотометрической калибровки. Это почти на 1 кг тяжелее оригинального прибора Timpani он весит 3. Это дает более тихую работу прибора.
Художники представили мозаичные тимпаны для Главного храма ВС РФ Всего восемь мозаичных композиций, высота каждой из которых превышает десять метров, будут расположены в соборе. Всего изготовлено восемь тимпанов - по две на каждой стороне собора. Работой руководил Василий Нестеренко.