Alternately loved and reviled, Eugene Victor Debs was a passionate labor leader, a progressive political figure, and a formidable speaker in a time of great change in the United States. Enter, from stage left, the ghost of Eugene V. Debs, the most impressive socialist in American history, whose conviction for sedition was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1919. Close to a million voters agreed with Debs sufficiently that they voted for him when he ran for president in 1920 from his jail cell at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. Add to that the uniformly hostile media coverage, and Trump’s prospects of acquittal seem as dim as those faced by Debs in the wartime atmosphere of 1918.
Вы точно человек?
He could follow the playbook of the socialist firebrand Eugene V. Debs, who in 1920 received nearly a million votes while behind bars. Юджин Дебс умер в октябре 1926 года, до последнего уверенный в том, что социалистическая революция может быть задержана, но неизбежно произойдет. Labor leader, radical, Socialist, presidential candidate: Eugene Victor Debs was a homegrown American original. It’s a stewing sense of unfairness last tapped to broad affect by a couple of his political heroes: socialist presidential candidates Eugene Debs and Norman Thomas, each of whom lost five times in the early.
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Набрав 6 процентов голосов на президентских выборах 1912 года, Юджин Дебс нарушил новые национальные законы о борьбе с подстрекательством к мятежу. Официальный сервер YouTube канала EugeneSagaz. | 11989 members. Eugene Debs was a union leader, a Socialist, and a presidential candidate who ran for office from behind bars.
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Разницу в стоимости проезда он пожертвовал в фонд помощи голодающим в Советской России. На станции он сделал заявление прессе по поводу заключенных в тюрьме сторонников: «Я оставил там 2300 человек, и все они должны быть освобождены». По прибытии в Терре-Хот его приветствовала толпа из 50 тысяч человек. Однако здоровье Дебса было подорвано тюремным заключением, и, несмотря на предпринимаемые им попытки поправиться, через пять лет после освобождения он в 1926 году скончался.
In a series of posts on his Truth Social platform Thursday, the Republican 2024 frontrunner said he was summoned to appear in a Miami federal court on June 13. He wrote it was the "corrupt Biden Administration" that informed his attorneys about the indictment, "seemingly over the Boxes Hoax. Trump said it was a "dark day" for the U.
He noted the charge was "ludicrous. Read more Socialist leader Debs spoke against U. The Sedition Act of 1918, which was repealed in 1920, sought to make anti-war statements treasonous. He also criticized the government for detaining anti-war activists, as per The Washington Post.
Among the US left, he singled out Debs for praise because, in his view, Debs was always closer to liberal democratic Americanism than Marxist totalitarianism. And as an inveterate democrat, Debs could never accept the revolutionary Marxist program of proletarian class rule, nor could he sacrifice immediate associational freedoms for the sake of historical progress, both of which threatened a totalitarian takeover of democratic institutions.
Theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. Ultimately, Schlesinger saw Debs as a useful figure to make a broader argument about the place of the Left in progressive politics. Like Debs or so Schlesinger imagined , leftists should accept the basic justness of American democratic institutions, inhabiting a position of critical dissent that holds liberals to account without ever exercising real independent power. Debs was a democrat, but he was also a Marxist and an internationalist. He believed that working-class democracy was only possible if workers controlled the capital infrastructure they set into motion, operating it according to social principles entirely different from those of the profit-seeking capitalist market. Anyone familiar with Debs lore knows that he probably encountered Marxist theory for the first while imprisoned for his leadership of the Pullman strike.
But theory alone would not have brought Debs to socialism if it did not clarify his experience in the labor movement. While it helped workers exercise some control over their employment for instance, by regulating hiring and firing , it often collaborated with management to prevent strikes and spread a culture of workplace discipline. If this was true, capital and labor needed each other: capital would be idle without labor, and labor powerless without capital. There can be no such quarrel unless it is caused by deliberate piracy on one side and unreasonable demands on the other. After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company south of Chicago went on strike and sought out the ARU in a desperate plea for assistance, Debs and the union organized a sympathy boycott of Pullman cars around the country, refusing to hitch the luxury sleeping cars to trains or receive trains under Pullman control. Commerce radiating out of the Chicago metropolitan area ground to a halt, triggering a national crisis.
A coalition of railway owners conspired with the attorney general to issue a federal injunction against the strikers an unprecedented tactic that the Supreme Court only ruled legal after the fact , the Democratic administration called in the national guard against the strikers, and Debs was sent to jail. The episode showed Debs that when workers exercise control over both capital and their own labor at the industry-wide level, it is regarded as an overwhelming crisis, not the assertion of democratic bargaining rights.
This is the untold truth of Eugene V. Eugene V. With this, Debs was able to enjoy "a middle-class life of hunting and fishing," and briefly attend a private school before going to a public school. When Debs was 14, he dropped out of school and started working at the Vandalia Railroad. Paid 50 cents per day, his job was scraping grease and paint off of the train cars. Within a year, he was promoted to fireman, and given the task of shovelling coal into the fireboxes. According to the Debs Foundation , he also attended night classes at a local business school. But, according to the New Yorker , Debs lost his job during the Panic of 1873.
This led him to move to East St. Louis as he looked for work, but within two years, Debs returned to Terre Haute. Debs joined the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and helped create the Terre Haute local chapter in 1875. According to " Eugene V. By 1880, Debs was made editor-in-chief. That year, he was also made national secretary-treasurer of the union. Finding Dulcinea reports that Debs also dipped his toes into public politics. In 1879, starting out as a Democrat, Debs was elected city clerk in Terre Haute, where he served two terms, and in 1885, he was elected to the Indiana state legislature. However, after serving one term on the state legislature, Debs realized that there was little he could do from his position to improve the lives of railroad workers. After being involved in the Burlington Railroad Strike of 1888, where workers were defeated , Debs started to envision a more unified front for railroad workers.
But in response to the " limited craft organization of the Brotherhood ," where brotherhoods were separated based on the work that was being done, such as fireman or switchmen, Debs left the organization and founded the American Railway Union ARU in Chicago in 1893, according to the Debs Foundation. Debs believed that this organization would allow all railroad workers to be united, making it more difficult for railway owners to break strikes by simply hiring replacement workers. According to the New Yorker , Debs initially tried to get the Brotherhood to expand to an industrial union, but Samuel Gompers, labor union leader of the American Federation of Labor, wanted the men to join his union instead, which was "far less radical. The Illinois Labor History Society writes that workers were joining the American Railway Union at a rate of almost 2,000 new members per day and before long, the American Railway Union had almost 150,000 members.
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Because Debs repeatedly ideas that some considered radical at the time, many of the policies ended up being adopted by both the Democratic and Republican parties while Debs was still alive. Although Debs never succeeded in getting any electoral votes, the New Yorker reports that in 1912, Debs received almost 1 million votes. Although Debs would never end up becoming president, due to his efforts with the Socialist Party of America, the party held "over 1,000 elective offices in 33 states and 160 cities" according to Kansas Heritage. In 1916, Debs changed his aim and decided to run for Congress in Indiana instead, advocating for American neutrality in World War I as part of his campaign. This led the United States to pass the 1917 Espionage Act, which created "criminal penalties for anyone obstructing enlistment in the armed forces," according to MTSU. It was under this law and its corresponding extension with the Sedition Act of 1918, that Debs would eventually be re-imprisoned.
In addition to hoping to provide larger industrial unionism as opposed to the " narrow craft unionism " of the AFL, the IWW tried to appeal to the workers who were often discriminated against the most, including Black people, immigrants, and women. The Christian Science Monitor writes that Debs supported segregation on trains and effectively linked the labor movement to white men only. Eventually, this view changed to the point where Debs decided that as long as Black people were considered inferior, then white workers would be exploited. Compared to the other labor movements and organizations at the time, the IWW was more inclusive to foreign-born workers because "they reasoned the only way to reduce competition between native and foreign workers was to organize the latter rather than exclude them from labor organizations," writes Jennifer Jung Hee Choi in "The Rhetoric of Inclusion: The I. W and Asian Workers.
Debs published his ideas in editorials, essays, letters to editors, and interviews. Debs: an American paradox. And before long, his editorials had expanded in their focus. In addition to advocating for industrial unions, Debs defended First Amendment Rights and advocating pacifism in his pieces. Debs gave a speech in a park in Canton, Ohio.
There, he declared that "The working class have never yet had a voice in declaring war [... These were risky words and Debs knew it. On September 12, 1918, Debs was found guilty on three counts and in addition to being sentenced to 10 years in prison, his right to vote was taken away. At his sentencing, Debs stated "I said then, and I say now, that while there is a lower class, I am in it, and while there is a criminal element, I am of it, and while there is a soul in prison, I am not free. In 1920, he ran for president one more time for the Socialist Party of America.
Debs campaigned while in prison by issuing weekly campaign statements through the news wire service, according to Smithsonian Magazine.
Отец Юджина Дебса часто менял работу до тех пор, когда семья открыла бакалейную лавку [3]. В пять лет Юджин Виктор Дебс пошёл в школу. Учился он хорошо, хотя некоторое время имел плохие отметки по арифметике и грамматике. Однако хорошая память очень помогала ему в учении [4]. Юджин Дебс окончил 8 классов и с 14 лет начал свою трудовую деятельность вначале в качестве рабочего-железнодорожника, потом помощника кочегара и, наконец в 1870 , кочегара паровоза. Свою общественную деятельность начал в литературном Оксидентел клубе в родном городе Терре-Хот, в котором по его приглашению выступали Роберт Грин Ингерсолл и Сьюзен Энтони. Перед началом Пульмановской стачки Дебс пытался урегулировать трудовой конфликт мирными средствами. Он предложил Джорджу Пульману вынести вопрос на третейский суд, однако владелец компании отказался. Тогда Американский союз железнодорожников начал бойкот по всей железнодорожной сети.
Спальные "пульманы" отцеплялись по указанию Дебса на запасные пути [5]. Дебс активно работал в стачечном комитете. В его работе ему помогал Теодор Дебс, его брат. В течение трёх недель Дебс послал 9 тысяч телеграмм и посыльных с поручениями [5]. Когда буржуазное руководство страны, попирая элементарные конституционные свободы, решило применить войска для подавления стачки, Юджин Дебс выступил против этого решения, поскольку, по его мнению, агрессия со стороны правительства могла привести к вооружённому восстанию. В то же время пресса критиковала стачечников, называла Дебса диктатором, преследующим личную выгоду [6]. До суда его освободили под залог. В это время он выступает на митингах, призывая рабочих вести последовательную борьбу против капиталистов. Первую треть своей жизни Юджин Дебс посвятил созданию и расширению профсоюзного движения. Стремился к объединению многочисленных рабочих профсоюзов в один сильный глобальный профсоюз.
Но его замыслам было не суждено сбыться.
There and then he created a Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen where he chaired the secretary and treasurer department. For the rest of his years, Debs received positive remarks for his subtle work. For this reason, he became the president of the American Railway Union. He also managed to attend his enrolled class around the area. In 1874 he resigned from his past job where he went ahead to work at a grocery shop. He was a regular attendee where he was chosen to represent the Terre Haute lodge.
For this reason, Debs became a great figure both in the community and several movements. Early in 1894, Eugene joined Pullman Strike where he was dissatisfied with several workers who manufactured train cars. The Pullman Palace Car Company made the autos. The employees joined up with him where they participated in a strike.
They came to the U.
This was at a time when workers toiled for 16 hours a day, six days a week. In response, Debs and the ARU organized a massive sympathy boycott of any trains and railroads using Pullman cars, and by June, 125,000 ARU workers had joined the cause. A nation that thrived on cross-country train commerce was now being stopped in its tracks. After Debs made a speech to workers on June 29 in Blue Island, Illinois, some in the crowd broke off and began a riot. With the U.
The press at the time turned on Debs, too, claiming the strike he organized around the Pullman situation was a power grab. Constitution [ PDF ]. President Cleveland deployed troops to Chicago to quell the ongoing demonstrations, but on July 7, the conflicts turned violent. Members of the National Guard killed anywhere from four to 30 strikers in the clash.
Eugene V. Debs, Presidential Contender
Владелец сайта предпочёл скрыть описание страницы. Eugene Victor Debs, by far the best known U.S. rail union leader, was born in Terre Haute, IN November 5, 1855. Стрелял профсоюзный лидер Юджин Дебс, чтобы отметить Четвёртое июля: то был не побег из тюрьмы, то было требованием иной свободы. On August 29, 1895, Eugene Victor Debs penned a letter from his cell at the federal prison in Woodstock, Illinois, to the Terre Haute, Indiana Labor Day Committee. Eugene V. Debs, November 5, Eugene V, Debs was a renowned Socialist Union leader who supported the Industrial Workers globally.
Eugene V. Debs Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
The claim is sometimes made that Eugene Debs promised to pardon himself if elected President in 1920. As civil war hashtags are trending on social media and Trump is backed into a corner, desperate to find a distraction, let’s remember the wise words of legendary American socialist Eugene Victor Debs at. I’m not sure whether Donald Trump has ever heard of Eugene Debs, the austerely incorruptible early leader of America’s Socialist Party. Debs came to the conclusion that no strike or labor movement could ultimately be successful as long as the government was controlled by the capitalist class.