reasonable notice — разумное, обоснованное предупреждение. В основе данного бесплатного онлайн-переводчика лежит постоянно развивающаяся технология на базе Памяти переводов, которая позволяет выполнить перевод как на русский. Перевод "Своевременное предупреждение" с английского на русский, транскрипция, произношение, формы глагола, примеры переводов в различных тематиках и в. Глава МИД Украины Дмитрий Кулеба призвал европейцев «не расслабляться» после новостей о пакете помощи со стороны США.
Text translation
Мы не обнаружили перевода 'предупреждение,' в нашем русско-английском словаре. Вы хотели перевести 'предупреждение,' с английского на русский язык? Перевод "Своевременное предупреждение" с английского на русский, транскрипция, произношение, формы глагола, примеры переводов в различных тематиках и в. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.
Перевод "no warnings" на русский
Виолетта Романовна Хамидова, 2010 2 Расследование и предупреждение техногенных катстроф. В книге рассказывается о знаменитых авариях и катастрофах, происходивших как в прошлом, так и в последние годы таких как гибель... Петров Юрий Петрович, 2012 Астма. Предупреждение, диагностика и лечение традиционными... В последнее время уровень заболеваемости бронхиальной астмой существенно повысился, что можно объяснить ухудшением... Алла Викторовна Нестерова, 2008 4 Предупреждение преступлений и административных...
Индивидуальное предупреждение.
In the context of the law of confessions the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is defined by the Massiah Doctrine. The suspect must also voluntarily waive their Miranda rights before questioning can proceed. These include questions designed to establish that the suspect expressly waived their rights. Typical waiver questions are "Do you understand each of these rights?
These are separate requirements. To satisfy the first requirement the state must show that the suspect generally understood their rights right to remain silent and right to counsel and the consequences of forgoing those rights that anything they said could be used against them in court. To show that the waiver was "voluntary" the state must show that the decision to waive the rights was not the product of police coercion. If police coercion is shown or evident, then the court proceeds to determine the voluntariness of the waiver under the totality of circumstances test focusing on the personal characteristics of the accused and the particulars of the coercive nature of the police conduct. The ultimate issue is whether the coercive police conduct was sufficient to overcome the will of a person under the totality of the circumstances.
Courts traditionally focused on two categories of factors in making this determination: 1 the personal characteristics of the suspect and 2 the circumstances attendant to the waiver. However, the Supreme Court significantly altered the voluntariness standard in the case of Colorado v. After Connelly, the traditional totality of circumstances analysis is not even reached unless the defendant can first show such coercion by the police. Essentially this means the prosecution must prove that the suspect had a basic understanding of their rights and an appreciation of the consequences of forgoing those rights. The focus of the analysis is directly on the personal characteristics of the suspect.
A waiver must also be clear and unequivocal. The requirement that a waiver be unequivocal must be distinguished from situations in which the suspect made an equivocal assertion of their Miranda rights after the interrogation began. Requesting an attorney prior to arrest is of no consequence because Miranda applies only to custodial interrogations. The police may simply ignore the request and continue with the questioning; however, the suspect is also free to leave. The most important factors are the length of time between termination of the original interrogation and the commencement of the second, and issuing a new set of Miranda warnings before resumption of interrogation.
The consequences of assertion of the right to counsel are stricter. Thompkins 2010 , the Supreme Court declared in a 5—4 decision that criminal defendants who have been read their Miranda rights and who have indicated they understand them and have not already waived them , must explicitly state during or before an interrogation begins that they wish to be silent and not speak to police for that protection against self-incrimination to apply. If they speak to police about the incident before invoking the Miranda right to remain silent, or afterwards at any point during the interrogation or detention, the words they speak may be used against them if they have not stated they do not want to speak to police. Those who oppose the ruling contend that the requirement that the defendant must speak to indicate his intention to remain silent further erodes the ability of the defendant to stay completely silent about the case. This opposition must be put in context with the second option offered by the majority opinion, which allowed that the defendant had the option of remaining silent, saying: "Had he wanted to remain silent, he could have said nothing in response or unambiguously invoked his Miranda rights, ending the interrogation.
Absent the former, "anything [said] can and will be used against [the defendant] in a court of law". Exceptions[ edit ] Assuming that the six factors are present, the Miranda rule would apply unless the prosecution can establish that the statement falls within an exception to the Miranda rule. For example, questions that are routinely asked as part of the administrative process of arrest and custodial commitment are not considered "interrogation" under Miranda because they are not intended or likely to produce incriminating responses. Nonetheless, all three circumstances are treated as exceptions to the rule. The jail house informant exception applies to situations where the suspect does not know that he is speaking to a state-agent; either a police officer posing as a fellow inmate, a cellmate working as an agent for the state or a family member or friend who has agreed to cooperate with the state in obtaining incriminating information.
Quarles 1984 , a case in which the Supreme Court considered the admissibility of a statement elicited by a police officer who apprehended a rape suspect who was thought to be carrying a firearm. The arrest took place during the middle of the night in a supermarket that was open to the public but apparently deserted except for the clerks at the checkout counter. When the officer arrested the suspect, he found an empty shoulder holster, handcuffed the suspect, and asked him where the gun was. The suspect nodded in the direction of the gun which was near some empty cartons and said, "The gun is over there. Once the suspect is formally charged, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel would attach and surreptitious interrogation would be prohibited.
For example, suppose the police continue with a custodial interrogation after the suspect has asserted his right to silence. During his post-assertion statement the suspect tells the police the location of the gun he used in the murder. Using this information the police find the gun. The contents of the Miranda-defective statement could not be offered by the prosecution as substantive evidence, but the gun itself and all related forensic evidence could be used as evidence at trial. Procedural requirements[ edit ] Although the rules vary by jurisdiction, generally a person who wishes to contest the admissibility of evidence [Note 18] on the grounds that it was obtained in violation of his constitutional rights [Note 19] must comply with the following procedural requirements: The defendant must file a motion.
The judge hears evidence, determines the facts, makes conclusions of law and enters an order allowing or denying the motion. Specifically, the Massiah rule applies to the use of testimonial evidence in criminal proceedings deliberately elicited by the police from a defendant after formal charges have been filed. The events that trigger the Sixth Amendment safeguards under Massiah are 1 the commencement of adversarial criminal proceedings and 2 deliberate elicitation of information from the defendant by governmental agents. The Sixth Amendment guarantees a defendant a right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions. Commencement of adversarial criminal proceedings[ edit ] The Sixth Amendment right "attaches" once the government has committed itself to the prosecution of the case by the initiation of adversarial judicial proceedings "by way of formal charge, preliminary hearing, indictment, information or arraignment".
Miranda interrogation includes express questioning and any actions or statements that an officer would reasonably foresee as likely to cause an incriminating response. Massiah applies to express questioning and any attempt to deliberately and intentionally obtain incriminating information from the defendant regarding the crime charged. The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is offense-specific — the right only applies to post-commencement attempts to obtain information relating to the crime charged. The waiver must be knowing, intelligent and voluntary. Miranda and Massiah compared[ edit ] Constitutional basis: Miranda is based on the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.
Massiah is based on the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. Scope: a. Miranda applies to custodial interrogation by known governmental agents.
In order to prevent inter-prisoner violence, prison officials attempted to separate vulnerable prisoners from potentially dangerous prisoners, but this was not always possible in light of inadequate prison capacity. UN-2 Specific measures in regard to prevention. UN-2 Прошедшая в Пекине с 7 по 9 ноября 2012 года конференция стала форумом, на котором руководители и специалисты учреждений по предупреждению и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций смогли углубить свое понимание возможностей использования космической информации для оценки и мониторинга климатических изменений и сопряженных с ними рисков возникновения стихийных бедствий и реагирования на них, а также интегрировать космические технологии в комплекс долговременных мероприятий, направленных на снижение опасности бедствий. The aim of the Conference, held in Beijing from 7 to 9 November 2012, was to offer a forum for disaster managers and experts to strengthen their understanding of the use of space-based information to assess, monitor and respond to climate change and related disaster risks, and to integrate space technology into long-term disaster risk reduction efforts. UN-2 Деятельность, проведенная за период 2004-2005 годов в области принятия мер реагирования на чрезвычайные экологические ситуации, предотвращения бедствий, готовности, смягчения последствий и систем раннего предупреждения, позволила ЮНЕП приобрести неоценимый опыт, который найдет свое отражение в ее дальнейшей работе. Activities during 2004 and 2005 in environmental emergency response, disaster prevention, preparedness, mitigation and early-warning systems have given UNEP valuable experience which will be reflected in future work.
Мэрайя - кто? Как будто я игнорировал тебя всё это время без причины. Девочка, похоже, ты окончательно пропила свой разум. Проверь свои заначки спиртного. Посмотри, сколько там запасов. Я могу описать, как выглядит твой дом, и этого Не найдешь в эпизоде Cribs. Получишь удар ниже пояса, если я услышу еще хоть одно слово, Так что держи свое недовольство при себе, потому что каждый раз, когда ты открываешь рот, это всего лишь груз пустых выдумок. Ты понимаешь, о чем я. Это предупредительный выстрел. После — я разнесу тебя в клочья. Позволь мне пошептать тебе приятные мелочи на ушко, фу. Так о чем ты говорила? Ты клялась своей сладкой задницей, что это так.
Text translation
Произнести вслух Оригинал Перевод В основе данного бесплатного онлайн-переводчика лежит постоянно развивающаяся технология на базе Памяти переводов, которая позволяет выполнить перевод как на русский, так и на множество других языков см.
Получить п. Строгий выговор с предупреждением т. Оповещение о возможных ошибках в программе или сбоях в работе системы.
The Supreme Court did not specify the exact wording to use when informing a suspect of their rights. However, the Court did create a set of guidelines that must be followed. The ruling states:... From Miranda rights, American English developed the verb Mirandize, meaning "read the Miranda rights to". McCarty 1984 , [7] the Supreme Court decided that a person subjected to custodial interrogation is entitled to the benefit of the procedural safeguards enunciated in Miranda, regardless of the nature or severity of the offense of which they are suspected or for which they were arrested. Prysock, 453 U. In Berghuis v. Thompkins 2010 , [10] the Supreme Court held that unless a suspect expressly states that they are invoking this right, subsequent voluntary statements made to an officer can be used against them in court, and police can continue to interact with or question the alleged criminal. In Vega v. Tekoh 2022 , the Supreme Court held that police may not be sued for failing to administer Miranda warnings, and that the remedy for such a failure is the exclusion of the acquired statements at trial. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Every U. The typical warning states: [12] [13] You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. If you give up the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present? The courts have since ruled that the warning must be "meaningful", so it is usually required that the suspect be asked if they understand their rights. Sometimes, firm answers of "yes" are required. Some departments and jurisdictions require that an officer ask "do you understand? Thompkins 2010 , the Supreme Court ruled 5—4 that police are allowed to interrogate suspects who have invoked or waived their rights ambiguously, and any statement given during questioning prior to invocation or waiving is admissible as evidence. Courts have ruled this admissible as long as the original waiver is said and the "translation" is recorded either on paper or on tape. The Supreme Court has resisted efforts to require officers to more fully advise suspects of their rights. For example, the police are not required to advise the suspect that they can stop the interrogation at any time, that the decision to exercise the right cannot be used against the suspect, or that they have a right to talk to a lawyer before being asked any questions. Nor have the courts required to explain the rights. For example, the standard Miranda right to counsel states You have a right to have an attorney present during the questioning. Police are not required to explain that this right is not merely a right to have a lawyer present while the suspect is being questioned. The right to counsel includes: the right to talk to a lawyer before deciding whether to talk to police, if the defendant decides to talk to the police, the right to consult with a lawyer before being interrogated, the right to answer police only through an attorney. Miranda warnings, are "custody" and "interrogation". Suspects in "custody" who are about to be interrogated must be properly advised of their Miranda rights—namely, the Fifth Amendment right against compelled self incrimination and, in furtherance of this right, the right to counsel while in custody. The Sixth Amendment right to counsel means that the suspect has the right to consult with an attorney before questioning begins and have an attorney present during the interrogation. The Fifth Amendment right against compelled self incrimination is the right to remain silent—the right to refuse to answer questions or to otherwise communicate information. The duty to warn only arises when police officers conduct custodial interrogations. The Constitution does not require that a defendant be advised of the Miranda rights as part of the arrest procedure, or once an officer has probable cause to arrest, or if the defendant has become a suspect of the focus of an investigation. Custody and interrogation are the events that trigger the duty to warn. Use in various U. Some departments in New Jersey , Nevada , Oklahoma , and Alaska modify the "providing an attorney" clause as follows: We have no way of giving you a lawyer, but one will be appointed for you, if you wish, if and when you go to court. Even though this sentence may be somewhat ambiguous to some laypersons, who can, and who have actually interpreted it as meaning that they will not get a lawyer until they confess and are arraigned in court, the U. Supreme Court has approved of it as an accurate description of the procedure in those states. After issuance of Miranda warnings, the police may ask waiver questions. Common waiver questions, which may be included on a written warning card or document, are, [23] Question 1: Do you understand each of these rights I have explained to you? Question 2: Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now? An affirmative answer to both of the above questions waives the rights. If the suspect responds "no" to the first question, the officer is required to re-read the Miranda warning, while saying "no" to the second question invokes the right at that moment; in either case the interviewing officer or officers cannot question the suspect until the rights are waived. Generally, when defendants invoke their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and refuse to testify or submit to cross-examination at trial, the prosecutor cannot indirectly punish them for the exercise of a constitutional right by commenting on their silence and insinuating that it is an implicit admission of guilt. Interrogation subjects under Army jurisdiction must first be given Department of the Army Form 3881, which informs them of the charges and their rights, and the subjects must sign the form. The United States Navy and United States Marine Corps require that all arrested personnel be read the "rights of the accused" and must sign a form waiving those rights if they so desire; a verbal waiver is not sufficient. It is unclear whether a Miranda warning—if spoken or in writing—could be appropriately given to disabled persons. For example, "the right to remain silent" means little to a deaf individual and the word "constitutional" may not be understood by people with only an elementary education. The Miranda right to counsel and right to remain silent are derived from the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Теперь она будет исправлять ошибки, улучшать тексты и даже переписывать их под нужный стиль: формальный или деловой. Ещё YandexGPT сможет для Показать ещё любого слова или выражения предложить синонимы — полезно для тех, кто хочет расширить свой словарный запас и разнообразить лексику.
Предупреждение
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Перевод слова «предупреждение» на 25 языков
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Перевод "предупреждение" на Английский?
На странице сайта вы найдете перевод warning, произношение и транскрипция английского слова warning. Глава МИД Украины Дмитрий Кулеба призвал европейцев «не расслабляться» после новостей о пакете помощи со стороны США. Новости дня от , интервью, репортажи, фото и видео, новости Москвы и регионов России, новости экономики, погода. Проверьте 'предупреждение' перевод на английский. Смотрите примеры перевода предупреждение в предложениях, слушайте произношение и изучайте грамматику. Откройте для себя слово «Предупреждение» на 134 языках: погрузитесь в переводы, культурные значения и произношение.
Как сказать предупреждение на разных языках мира?
перевод "warning" с английского на русский от PROMT, предупреждение, сигнал, предупредительная надпись, early warning, early warning system, advance warning, транскрипция. Перевод предупреждение по-английски. Как перевести на английский предупреждение? Google давно работает на поприще переводов, поэтому наличие встроенного переводчика в Chrome вполне очевидное явление.
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Как переводится предупреждение на Английский язык
В Ессентуках в трёхдневном формате проходит восьмой по счету окружной молодежный образовательный форум «Профсоюзная перспектива». Тема: «Профсоюз — семья семей». Участники - педагогические династии Северного Кавказа. Этот форум выходит за рамки образовательных шаблонных форматов. Для участников педагогических династий со всего Северного Кавказа это и обучение, и некая «перезагрузка». В Ессентуках в формате дискуссий, деловых игр, мастер-классов и общих спортивных мероприятий, педагоги обмениваются опытом и общаются. Инициатор Ставропольская краевая организация общероссийского профсоюза образов... Читать сейчас «Вести.
Парламент» — совместный проект с думой Ставропольского края. Читать сейчас Самая масштабная авария в истории XX века: сегодня вспоминают жертв Чернобыльской катастрофы 04:40, 27. Самая масштабная авария в истории XX века произошла 38 лет назад. Возложить цветы к памятнику чернобыльцам собрались ликвидаторы аварии, их родственники, кадеты и военнослужащие. Дарья Казявкина пообщалась со свидетелями тех событий.... Читать сейчас Глава Белгородской области встретился в Пятигорске с эвакуированными школьниками 04:40, 27. Школьники из Белгородской области, эвакуированные из-под обстрелов неонацистов, вот уже почти месяц живут на Ставрополье.
Как они проводят время, учатся и что едят, ребята рассказали главе своего региона. Губернатор Вячеслав Гладков сегодня с визитом в Пятигорске. Читать сейчас Долгоиграющий чемпионат 04:40, 27. Главный отечественный турнир возобновится после шестимесячного перерыва Новокузнецкий «Металлург» готовится ко второму кругу чемпионата России на тренировочном сборе в Краснодарском крае, который пройдёт до 24 апреля. В субботу, 4 мая, «сталевары» продолжат сезон домашним матчем с «Локомотивом» Пенза. Тактика и командные взаимодействия — на первом плане «На предыдущих этапах подготовки в Сочи и Кемерове больше внимания уделяли физической и технической подготовке игроков. Читать сейчас Сила командного духа 04:40, 27.
Получилась интересная и напряжённая борьба, матчи стали настоящим спортивным праздником для участников и болельщиков. Читать сейчас Во втором квартете 04:40, 27. Кемеровский клуб выбыл из борьбы медали чемпионата страны, но поднимется выше прошлогоднего девятого места Сегодня, 11 апреля, волейбольный «Кузбасс» в повторном полуфинальном матче за пятое — восьмое места мужского чемпионата России сыграет в Санкт-Петербурге с «Зенитом». Поражение после полуночи В первой встрече, которая завершилась вчера в Питере после полуночи по кузбасскому времени, гости потерпели «сухое» поражение — 0:3 21:25, 22:25, 23:25. Читать сейчас Уникальный экстрим на ледовом поле 04:40, 27. В субботу в Кемерове впервые прошли уникальные соревнования — Кубок губернатора Кузбасса по ледовым трековым гонкам. Уникальность состязаний в том, как отмечают организаторы, что они впервые проходили в закрытом помещении.
В соревнованиях приняли участие около 30 сильнейших спортсменов из Сибирского и Уральского федеральных округов. Читать сейчас Финальный аккорд в родных стенах 04:40, 27. Прямая трансляция — на канале «Матч-ТВ». Волевая дюжина На минувшей неделе, 14 марта, «Кузбасс» выиграл полуфинальную серию, одержав вторую победу над чемпионом страны — 2023 хабаровским «СКА-Нефтяником» — 12:4 7:3. Читать сейчас Ресторанная критика Якова Можаева: «Счастливы вместе» 04:40, 27. Для того чтобы удачно сходить в ресторан, непременно нужно узнать мнение настоящего знатока! Наш гастроном-эксперт и ресторанный критик Яков Можаев сам все проверит, попробует и посоветует только самое достойное!
Сегодня его колонка — о семейном ресторане «Счастливы вместе».... Читать сейчас На юге Екатеринбурга построят новый район с населением как в Верхней Пышме 04:40, 27. Девелопер Академического запускает новый проект комплексного освоения территории. Застройка предусматривает не только жилую недвижимость, но и спортивный комплекс, культурный центр и здания органов власти.... Читать сейчас Александр Карамышев продал свой колбасный завод. Новый владелец откроет там фабрику-кухню 04:40, 27. Мясопереработчик Александр Карамышев продал не работающую с января колбасную фабрику екатеринбургской компании МКЕ, которая готовит еду для кейтеринга и торговых сетей, сообщает РБК Екатеринбург.
Новый владелец переоборудует предприятие в фабрику-кухню. Такие же производства он планирует запустить в Тюмени и Челябинске.... Читать сейчас Москвичи помогут мэрии Екатеринбурга улучшить сеть платных парковок и систему оплаты проезда в транспорте 04:40, 27. Администрация города создала рабочую группу, куда вошли представители московского департамента транспорта и разработчики компании «СберТройка». Группа изучит, как опыт Москвы можно использовать для совершенствования работы транспорта Екатеринбурга... Читать сейчас Суд отпустил бизнесмена Юрия Аксенова, задержанного по делу «Прекрасной России» 04:40, 27. Адвокат просила отправить владельца «Ведущей утилизирующей компании» Юрия Аксенова под домашний арест.
Судья решил не назначать никакой меры пресечения.... Читать сейчас Что известно о конфликте Моргенштерна и «Рифмы и Панчи». Артисты обвиняют лейбл «РиП» в обмане 04:40, 27. Рассказываем, с чего начался конфликт и кто из артистов поддержал Алишера, раскрыв неприятные подробности работы с лейблом «РиП».
Отсутствие PHP уведомлений и предупреждений в процессе разработки использовался режим отладки. More examples below Orange Notices- Warnings to law enforcement and security officials about threats that they might not normally detect, e. Омбудсмен может публиковать свои предупреждения, замечания, предложения, рекомендации и доклады в средствах массовой информации, а средства массовой информации обязаны принимать их к публикации. Less common types include forwarding addresses,routing annotations, warnings , postage due notices and explanations, such as for damaged or delayed mail and censored or inspected mail.
Это последнее гребаное предупреждение, чувак! This is your last fucking warning, man! Ну всё, последнее предупреждение! All right, final warning, folks! Двух-минутное предупреждение. Ты, последнее предупреждение о возможности смерчей. You, last tornado watch. Вам следовало бы услышать мое предупреждение. You should have heeded my warning. И кем бы они ни были, они прекратили платить наличными два месяца назад, поэтому городской совет отослал им последнее предупреждение и продали его на аукционе вашему парню, Моззи. And whoever they are, they stopped paying cash two months ago, so the facility sent the required late notices and auctioned it off to your guy, Mozzie. Это предупреждение укрепит доверие ко мне, позволит попасть в близкий круг, даст мне место в первом ряду для освещения политической сенсации десятилетия.
Естественно, не обошлось без появления функции перевода в браузере. Но, как это часто бывает у Apple, функциональность встроенного интерпретатора оказалась заметно ограничена. Во-первых, он переводит только на язык, установленный в системе. Если по умолчанию в вашем компьютере или смартфоне установлен английский язык в качестве основного, то перевести сайт с английского на русский не получится. Только наоборот. Во-вторых, в Safari для macOS переводчик все еще находится в стадии бета-тестирования и не всегда срабатывает даже на тех страницах, на которых мобильная версия прекрасно справляется с переводом. Зато, когда переводчик Apple работает, он работает хорошо. Перевод действительно на уровне конкурентов, а зачастую и уровнем выше. Чтобы воспользоваться переводчиком в Safari: Открываем страницу на иностранном языке это должен быть иностранный язык для системы, а не для вас. И кликаем по иконке в виде двух облаков в поисковой строке в macOS. В случае с iOS процесс немного усложняется: Открываем непереведенный сайт. Потом тапаем по значку в виде буквы А в поисковой строке. Выбираем пункт Translate to English или другой язык в зависимости от языка ОС. Язык страницы изменится моментально. Браузер Российский IT-гигант тоже обладает и собственным переводчиком, и браузером. Браузер построен на базе Chromium, как и новый Edge, поэтому принцип работы встроенного интерпретатора там такой же, как у Google и Microsoft. Но переводом занимаются алгоритмы, разработанные Яндексом и используемые на одноименном сайте. Поддержка языков довольно широкая, но выбирать среди них нельзя. Как и Safari, разработка Яндекса предлагает переводить только на язык ОС. Спасибо хотя бы на том, что перевод можно автоматизировать или вовсе отключить, если язык знаком пользователю. Чтобы воспользоваться переводчиком в Яндекс. Браузере: Заходим на непереведенную страницу. Кликаем по логотипу Яндекс. Переводчика в правой части адресной строки.
Слово «предупреждение» на иностранных языках
Список переводов «предупреждение» на распространенные языки планеты. На странице сайта вы найдете перевод warning, произношение и транскрипция английского слова warning. Переводы слова предупреждение с русский языка на другие языки, представленные в этом разделе, были выполнены с помощью автоматического перевода, в котором главным.
Перевод "предупреждение" на Английский?
Я явилась к нему домой без предупреждения и «наехала» на него прямо на пороге его дома. And then I went to his house, unannounced, and went off on him in his driveway. Показать ещё примеры для «unannounced»... She fired me two days ago without notice.
И вы получили кучу предупреждений. And a fat lot of notice you all took.
You have the right to talk to a lawyer for advice before we ask you any questions. You have the right to have a lawyer with you during questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish.
If you decide to answer questions now without a lawyer present, you have the right to stop answering at any time. The Miranda warning is part of a preventive criminal procedure rule that law enforcement are required to administer to protect an individual who is in custody and subject to direct questioning or its functional equivalent from a violation of their Fifth Amendment right against compelled self-incrimination. In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court held that the admission of an elicited incriminating statement by a suspect not informed of these rights violates the Fifth Amendment and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel , through the incorporation of these rights into state law. Origin and development of Miranda rights[ edit ] A U.
Arizona Supreme Court decision, which found that the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights of Ernesto Arturo Miranda had been violated during his arrest and trial for armed robbery, kidnapping, and rape of a young woman. Miranda rights, are "custody" and "interrogation". Custody means formal arrest or the deprivation of freedom to an extent associated with formal arrest. Interrogation means explicit questioning or actions that are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response. The Supreme Court did not specify the exact wording to use when informing a suspect of their rights.
However, the Court did create a set of guidelines that must be followed. The ruling states:... From Miranda rights, American English developed the verb Mirandize, meaning "read the Miranda rights to". McCarty 1984 , [7] the Supreme Court decided that a person subjected to custodial interrogation is entitled to the benefit of the procedural safeguards enunciated in Miranda, regardless of the nature or severity of the offense of which they are suspected or for which they were arrested. Prysock, 453 U.
In Berghuis v. Thompkins 2010 , [10] the Supreme Court held that unless a suspect expressly states that they are invoking this right, subsequent voluntary statements made to an officer can be used against them in court, and police can continue to interact with or question the alleged criminal. In Vega v. Tekoh 2022 , the Supreme Court held that police may not be sued for failing to administer Miranda warnings, and that the remedy for such a failure is the exclusion of the acquired statements at trial. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Every U. The typical warning states: [12] [13] You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. If you give up the right to remain silent, anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future.
If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present, you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present? The courts have since ruled that the warning must be "meaningful", so it is usually required that the suspect be asked if they understand their rights. Sometimes, firm answers of "yes" are required.
Some departments and jurisdictions require that an officer ask "do you understand? Thompkins 2010 , the Supreme Court ruled 5—4 that police are allowed to interrogate suspects who have invoked or waived their rights ambiguously, and any statement given during questioning prior to invocation or waiving is admissible as evidence. Courts have ruled this admissible as long as the original waiver is said and the "translation" is recorded either on paper or on tape. The Supreme Court has resisted efforts to require officers to more fully advise suspects of their rights. For example, the police are not required to advise the suspect that they can stop the interrogation at any time, that the decision to exercise the right cannot be used against the suspect, or that they have a right to talk to a lawyer before being asked any questions.
Nor have the courts required to explain the rights. For example, the standard Miranda right to counsel states You have a right to have an attorney present during the questioning. Police are not required to explain that this right is not merely a right to have a lawyer present while the suspect is being questioned. The right to counsel includes: the right to talk to a lawyer before deciding whether to talk to police, if the defendant decides to talk to the police, the right to consult with a lawyer before being interrogated, the right to answer police only through an attorney. Miranda warnings, are "custody" and "interrogation".
Suspects in "custody" who are about to be interrogated must be properly advised of their Miranda rights—namely, the Fifth Amendment right against compelled self incrimination and, in furtherance of this right, the right to counsel while in custody. The Sixth Amendment right to counsel means that the suspect has the right to consult with an attorney before questioning begins and have an attorney present during the interrogation. The Fifth Amendment right against compelled self incrimination is the right to remain silent—the right to refuse to answer questions or to otherwise communicate information. The duty to warn only arises when police officers conduct custodial interrogations. The Constitution does not require that a defendant be advised of the Miranda rights as part of the arrest procedure, or once an officer has probable cause to arrest, or if the defendant has become a suspect of the focus of an investigation.
Custody and interrogation are the events that trigger the duty to warn. Use in various U. Some departments in New Jersey , Nevada , Oklahoma , and Alaska modify the "providing an attorney" clause as follows: We have no way of giving you a lawyer, but one will be appointed for you, if you wish, if and when you go to court. Even though this sentence may be somewhat ambiguous to some laypersons, who can, and who have actually interpreted it as meaning that they will not get a lawyer until they confess and are arraigned in court, the U.
Три выстрела, без предупреждения. Он что, боится черных, или как? Скопировать By all accounts, and there are many, the actions of the Bensonhurst Bomber have always followed a very particular script. No warnings. Devices planted the same day that they explode. С какой стороны ни посмотри, а сторон много, действия Бенсонхёрстского подрывника всегда следовали очень чёткому сценарию.
Никаких предупреждений. Устройства установлены в день взрыва. Скопировать Second, the sign saying we crossed the state line, it was like this big.
Interrogation subjects under Army jurisdiction must first be given Department of the Army Form 3881, which informs them of the charges and their rights, and the subjects must sign the form. The United States Navy and United States Marine Corps require that all arrested personnel be read the "rights of the accused" and must sign a form waiving those rights if they so desire; a verbal waiver is not sufficient. It is unclear whether a Miranda warning—if spoken or in writing—could be appropriately given to disabled persons. For example, "the right to remain silent" means little to a deaf individual and the word "constitutional" may not be understood by people with only an elementary education. The Miranda right to counsel and right to remain silent are derived from the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Evidence must have been gathered. If the suspect did not make a statement during the interrogation the fact that he was not advised of his Miranda rights is of no importance. The evidence must be testimonial. Thus, requiring a suspect to participate in identification procedures such as giving handwriting [34] or voice exemplars, [35] fingerprints, DNA samples, hair samples, and dental impressions is not within the Miranda rule. Such physical or real evidence is non-testimonial and not protected by the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause. For example, if the suspect nodded their head up and down in response to the question "did you kill the victim", the conduct is testimonial; it is the same as saying "yes I did", and Miranda would apply. The evidence must have been obtained while the suspect was in custody. Custody means either that the suspect was under arrest or that his freedom of movement was restrained to an extent "associated with a formal arrest".
Telling a person he is "under arrest" is sufficient to satisfy this requirement even though the person may not be otherwise physically restrained. The evidence must have been the product of interrogation. In Rhode Island v. Innis , the Supreme Court defined interrogation as express questioning and "any words or actions on the part of the police other than those normally attendant to arrest and custody that the police should know are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect". Thus, a practice that the police "should know is reasonably likely to evoke an incriminating response from a suspect... For example, confronting the suspect with incriminating evidence may be sufficiently evocative to amount to interrogation because the police are implicitly communicating a question: "How do you explain this? Under this definition, routine statements made during the administration of sobriety tests would not implicate Miranda. For example, a police officer arrests a person for impaired driving and takes him to the police station to administer an intoxilyzer test.
While at the station the officer also asks the defendant to perform certain psycho-physical tests such as the walk and turn, one leg stand or finger to nose test. It is standard practice to instruct the arrestee on how to perform the test and to demonstrate the test. The police will not tell the person that they have the right to refuse to perform the test, and the refusal cannot be used in evidence against them, nor can they be in any way punished for refusing to perform it, same as the police will not tell someone that they may refuse to perform a roadside sobriety test without penalty. Similarly, incriminating statements made in response to requests for consent to search a vehicle or other property are not considered to be the product of interrogation. The interrogation must have been conducted by state-agents. On the other hand, where a private citizen obtains a statement there is no state action regardless of the custodial circumstances surrounding the statement. A confession obtained through the interrogation by an undercover police officer or a paid informant does not violate Miranda because there is no coercion, no police dominated atmosphere if the suspect does not know that they are being questioned by the police. Private security guards and "private" police present special problems.
They are generally not regarded as state-agents. The evidence must be offered by the state during a criminal prosecution. Under the exclusionary rule, a Miranda-defective statement cannot be used by the prosecution as substantive evidence of guilt. However, the Fifth Amendment exclusionary rule applies only to criminal proceedings. In determining whether a particular proceeding is criminal, the courts look at the punitive nature of the sanctions that could be imposed. Labels are irrelevant. The question is whether the consequences of an outcome adverse to the defendant could be characterized as punishment. Clearly a criminal trial is a criminal proceeding since if convicted the defendant could be fined or imprisoned.
However, the possibility of loss of liberty does not make the proceeding criminal in nature. For example, commitment proceedings are not criminal proceedings even though they can result in long confinement because the confinement is considered rehabilitative in nature and not punishment. Similarly, Miranda does not apply directly to probation revocation proceedings because the evidence is not being used as a basis for imposing additional punishment. Application of the prerequisites[ edit ] Assuming that the six requirements are present and Miranda applies, the statement will be subject to suppression unless the prosecution can demonstrate: that the suspect was advised of their Miranda rights, and that the suspect voluntarily waived those rights or that the circumstances fit an exception to the Miranda rule. The defendant may also be able to challenge the admissibility of the statement under provisions of state constitutions and state criminal procedure statutes. In the context of the law of confessions the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is defined by the Massiah Doctrine. The suspect must also voluntarily waive their Miranda rights before questioning can proceed. These include questions designed to establish that the suspect expressly waived their rights.
Typical waiver questions are "Do you understand each of these rights? These are separate requirements. To satisfy the first requirement the state must show that the suspect generally understood their rights right to remain silent and right to counsel and the consequences of forgoing those rights that anything they said could be used against them in court. To show that the waiver was "voluntary" the state must show that the decision to waive the rights was not the product of police coercion. If police coercion is shown or evident, then the court proceeds to determine the voluntariness of the waiver under the totality of circumstances test focusing on the personal characteristics of the accused and the particulars of the coercive nature of the police conduct. The ultimate issue is whether the coercive police conduct was sufficient to overcome the will of a person under the totality of the circumstances. Courts traditionally focused on two categories of factors in making this determination: 1 the personal characteristics of the suspect and 2 the circumstances attendant to the waiver.
Примеры в контексте "Notice - Предупреждение"
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